A Systematic Review of Effervescent Formulations of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia) for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) has long been recognized for its antidiabetic properties, primarily due to its bioactive compounds such as charantin, vicine, and polypeptide-p. Recent advancements in pharmaceutical formulations have explored effervescent preparations as a novel delivery system to enhance the bioavailability, stability, and patient compliance of herbal antidiabetic agents. This systematic review evaluates existing literature on M. charantia effervescent formulations and their therapeutic potential in managing diabetes mellitus. Studies indicate that effervescent formulations improve the solubility and absorption of bitter gourd extracts, contributing to better glycemic control and reduced adverse gastrointestinal effects compared to conventional forms. However, limited clinical data and standardization challenges highlight the need for further research to optimize formulation parameters and confirm efficacy in larger populations. Overall, effervescent systems represent a promising approach for the effective delivery of M. charantia in diabetes management