Advances in the Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals: Monoclonal Antibodies, Peptides, and Pulmonary mRNA and Gene Therapy

Abstract

The rapid evolution of biopharmaceuticals, including monoclonal antibodies, peptides, and nucleic acid-based therapies, has revolutionized modern medicine. However, their clinical translation is often hindered by challenges in delivery, such as poor bioavailability, instability, and inadequate targeting. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of cutting-edge delivery strategies for biopharmaceuticals, with a focus on monoclonal antibodies and peptides, as well as emerging approaches for pulmonary mRNA and gene therapy. We explore innovative delivery systems, including nanoparticle-based carriers, lipid-based formulations, and advanced pulmonary delivery devices, which enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize off-target effects. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of mRNA and gene therapies for treating respiratory diseases, emphasizing the role of the lungs as a prime target for non-invasive delivery. By addressing current limitations and future prospects, this review highlights the transformative potential of advanced delivery systems in unlocking the full therapeutic potential of biopharmaceuticals