Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery: Enhancing Bioavailability and Therapeutic Efficacy in Pharmaceutical Applications

Abstract

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a transformative approach to enhance drug bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy in various pharmaceutical applications. These systems exploit the unique properties of nanoparticles, including high surface-to-volume ratios, targeted delivery capabilities, and controlled release profiles, to optimize drug administration. This review explores the types of nanoparticles utilized in drug delivery, such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, and metallic nanoparticles, with an emphasis on their role in enhancing drug bioavailability and efficacy. Current advancements in nanotechnology have facilitated the development of nanoparticles capable of overcoming biological barriers, thereby improving drug localization at the desired sites. We further discuss the mechanisms of drug loading and release, as well as the challenges related to stability, scalability, and safety. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the applications and advantages of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, as well as to outline future directions for research and clinical implementation. Through this, we highlight the potential of nanoparticles to revolutionize pharmaceutical science and contribute to more effective, personalized medicine